Sistem Smart Parking Terdistribusi dengan Menggunakan Mobile Cloud Computing

The availability of parking space for urban areas is very limited. Parking lots in office complexes and community centers are still not able to accommodate the number of motor vehicles that increase each year. According data from the Central Bureau of Statistics, the number of motor vehicles has reached 129.2 million units by 2016. This has not been supported by parking managers' ability to compensate for the growing number of vehicles using parking services. Some parking managers have been using the computer as a means of parking management support. The computer functions as an incoming data logging machine, a parking rate payment system and a security control of the document. On the other hand, information about the availability of parking lots is needed by parking service users. The data provided by the parking operator has not been able to provide information on the density of the parking lot in several parking locations in one area. From the problem, it is necessary to build a smart parking system that can provide information density of several parking locations. The data on the parking register engine can be processed into parking information on mobile cloud devices then provide the shortest route recommendations using the Dijkstra algorithm. With mobile computing technology, parking lava availability information will take place in real-time. Identification of capacity and density of each parking space is realized in the form of mobile cloud-based applications.Keywords : mobile computing, cloud computing, smart parking, Dijkstr

Graphical Approach for RF Amplifier Specification in Radio over Fiber System: Maximum Power Issues

Radio-over-fiber (RoF) technologies address wireless communication’s need for high data rate, protocol- transparency, and flexibility. One of challenge in RoF access point design is RF amplifier requirement that match to microwave-photonic link chosen and service range needed. This paper proposes a graphical approach as systematic method to solve the challenge. The method identifies two regions, i.e. (a) scalable region where amplifiers’ output 1-dB compression point (OP1dB) improvement can enhance system’s maximum input and output power, and (b) saturation region where any improvement on amplifiers’ OP1dB cannot improve AP’s maximum input and output power. The methods have been verified by system simulations. The errors at scalable and saturation regions are less than 1 dB and the standard deviation is no more than 0.6 dB. The error values around the breakpoint between scalable and saturation regions are around 1 dB. Therefore, the proposed graphical approach can be used in the specification tradeoff between RoF access point input and output power, amplifier’s gain and OP1dB

Design of PIFA Antenna Using Systematic Tuning for Long Range Communication

Communication with a wireless system is one of the mainstays of communication so that communication integration is achieved. In this application, of course, an antenna is needed to send information waves to the receiver. It is also hoped that the antenna can be integrated with other components into an integrated system. There are several challenges that need to be answered to make this happen. Namely, the size of the antenna is small and the shape of the antenna can adjust to the shape of the object being integrated, for example a circle or cylinder shape. The antenna chosen to realize this challenge is the Planar Inverted F Antenna (PIFA). PIFA antennas are widely used in communication devices because their shape and size can be adjusted to the dimensions of the device. The technique used to create curved shapes is a conformal technique. To streamline the antenna design steps, the system tuning method is applied when simulating the design. The results achieved use a system tuning method which can reduce the experimental steps to just 6 experimental steps. The antenna designed works in the frequency range 916.9 – 933 MHz, the resonant frequency of 925.6 MHz with S11 is -12.5 dB, bandwidth 16.1 MHz, and the radiation pattern is omnidirectional

Herb Leaves Recognition using Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix and Five Distance-based Similarity Measures

Herb medicinal products derived from plants have long been considered as an alternative option for treating various diseases.  In this paper, the feature extraction method used is Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), while for its recognition using the metric calculations of Chebyshev, Cityblock, Minkowski, Canberra, and Euclidean distances. The method of determining the GLCM Analysis based on the texture analysis resulting from the extraction of this feature is Angular Second Moment, Contrast, Inverse Different Moment, Entropy as well as its Correlation.  The recognition system used 10 leaf test images with GLCM method and Canberra distance resulted in the highest accuracy of 92.00%. While the use of 20 and 30 test data resulted in a recognition rate of 50.67% and 60.00%

Trajectory Tracking and Collision Avoidance on Smart Wheel Chair

There have been many developments of wheelchairs as mobility aids, including electric wheelchairs. Wheelchairs sometimes still require manual steering, therefore in this research, a smart wheelchair is developed that can move automatically to the destination position from a predetermined position with a trajectory tracking system. The system deploys the odometry method, orientation angle using the output of the IMU-9DOF sensor with Kalman filter, and collision avoidance to avoid collisions with obstacles in front of it. The use of Kalman filter improves the angle output that is close to the reference. In the trajectory tracking test, the wheelchair can approach the given reference position, with maximum error of 20 cm for x-axis and 2 cm for y-axis. The wheelchair collision avoidance test has been able to avoid collisions, as it successfully detects an obstacle less than 40 cm and avoid the collision correspondingly

Analytical study of drift velocity in low dimensional devices

Understanding of quantum limit in low dimensional devices helps to develop the new device types same as Carbon Nanotube Field Effect Transistor (CNTFET) and Naonowire. For each dimensionality the limitations on carrier drift velocity due to the high-field streaming of otherwise randomly velocity vector in equilibrium is reported. The results are based on the asymmetrical distribution function that converts randomness in zero-field to streamlined one in a very high electric field. The ultimate drift velocity for all dimensions is found to be appropriate thermal velocity for a nondegenerately doped sample of silicon, increasing with the temperature, but independent of carrier concentration. However, the ultimate drift velocity is the Fermi velocity for degenerately doped silicon increasing with carrier concentration but independent of the temperatur

Classification of motor imagery brain wave for bionic hand movement using Multilayer Perceptron

Physical disability due to amputation can affect a person's quality of life due to limited movement in performing daily activities. Bionic hands are used to help someone with an amputation disability. In this research, a bionic hand control was developed based on electroencephalography sensors capable of measuring the brain's bioelectric activity. The classified brain wave was then translated as activity pattern information. The alpha & beta waves were the focus of this work. This study demonstrated a method to extract and classify motor imagery of brainwave activity patterns. The fast Fourier transform (FFT) method is used to extract motor imagery characteristics. The extraction of features is then classified by the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) method for five classes of bionic hand movement. Testing was conducted with two scenarios, the first test motor imagery without additional movement showed an accuracy of 77.20 %, while the second test motor imagery combined with head movement showed an accuracy of 84.40% for five classes. The system based on motor imagery has been implemented in a bionic hand that shows the applicability of the proposed method

Modeling of drain current for grooved-gate mosfet

A drain current model of grooved-gate MOSFET which is based on the difference of the channel depth distance along the channel from the source to the drain in cylindrical coordinate is presented in this paper. From the analysis, the potential of grooved-gate is related to geometry structure parameters the angle ( 0) and radius (r 0) of concave corner as well as channel depth (d). The presence of corner effect will influence to the drain potential, drain current characteristics as well as the other electrical characteristics, such as conductance (gm ) and transconductance (gd ). In this result, model shows effect of corner with improvement of the device the characteristics especially the reduction of short channel effect (SCE) althought drain current value grooved-gate MOSFET of is slightly less than the ordinary MOSFET

Analytical study of drift velocity in p-type silicon nanowires

An analytical model that captures the essence of physical processes in a p- type silicon nanowire transistor is presented. The model covers seamlessly the whole range of transport from driftdiffusion to ballistic. The mobility and saturation velocity are the two important parameters that control the charge transport in a MOSFET channel. It is shown that the high mobility does not always lead to higher carrier velocity. The ultimate drift velocity due to the high electric-field streaming are based on the asymmetrical distribution function that converts randomness in zero-field to streamlined one in a very high electric field. The limited drift velocity is found to be appropriate thermal velocity for a nondegenerately doped sample of silicon, increasing with the temperature, but independent of carrier concentration. However, the limited drift velocity is the Fermi velocity for a degenerately doped silicon nanowire, increasing with carrier concentration but independent of the temperature